Introduction: Catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. Its low concentration could be involved in signaling while its high concentration is toxic. Aim: This short review discusses the association of blood catalase and diabetes mellitus in Hungarian diabetic patients. Results: Several cohort studies showed decreased blood catalase activity in type 2 diabetes and in gestational diabetes.

Autoimmune hypothyroidism may associate with type-1 Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known entity as polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type-3. Type-1.5 DM is also known as late onset autoimmune mediated diabetes mellitus of adulthood (LADA) describing as- patients with type-2 diabetic phenotype based on age, not etiology combined with islet-cell antibodies and progressive ß-cell failure, requiring life-time insulin therapy. Authors report a misdiagnosed type-2 diabetic since 3-years, of 35-years-male with known case of hypothyroidism had uncontrolled hyperglycemia, 12.7% glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), 1.09ng/ml serum C-peptide and 26IU/ml glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody, with anti-microsomal antibody titre of 827IU/ml and anti-thyroglobulin antibody titre of 130IU/ml, on 3 oral hypoglycemic agents. He was diagnosed as type-1.5 DM with autoimmune hypothyroidism. During 11-months of follow-up, after initiating insulin therapy patient had 6.7% HbA1C and normal thyroid function with oral thyroxin medication. So all young diabetic adults should evaluate for type-1.5 DM with autoimmune hypothyroidism.

The incidence of obesity has been increasing exponentially for the last 30 years, and it is posing a major health issue in the US and worldwide. The 2015 reports by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in the US indicate that approximately 1.9 billion people worldwide are overweight and more than 600 million are frankly obese, irrespective of genders, races, ethnicities, ages, and socio-economic strata [1]. As individuals become obese or overweight at a younger age, the incidence and severity of obesity-related long-term complications has also increased significantly. Type 2-diabetes, particular forms of cancer (i.e. breast, ovarian, colon, and liver cancer), and cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and stroke represent the most common complications of obesity, and all carry expensive price-tags. In the particular case of diabetes, previous predictions estimating ~28 million people in the US to be affected by diabetes by the year 2030 have proven to be optimistic as 29.1 million individuals were reported to be diabetic by the year 2012, with an attached price-tag for the US healthcare system in excess of 250 billion USD between direct and indirect costs including lost productivity [2].

To the identification of food components that can optimize our physiological and psychological functions. This development, which aims to ensure the welfare, health and reduced susceptibility to disease during life, gave birth to the concept of “functional foods”. “Dietary fiber is the remnants of the edible part of plants and analogous carbohydrates that are resistant to digestion and absorption in the human small intestine with complete or partial fermentation in the human large intestine.